Cardiovascular Disease in Hispanic Women: JACC Review Topic of the Week

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Cardiology
• Health Disparities

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death for Hispanic women in the U.S., affecting 37% of this population.
• Hispanic women experience a greater burden of CVD risk factors and are disproportionately impacted by social determinants of health and immigration-related barriers.
• The "Hispanic paradox," suggesting lower CVD rates in Hispanic populations compared to non-Hispanic Whites, is increasingly challenged by research acknowledging intra-group diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of cardiovascular risk factors in Hispanic women.
• To emphasize the critical role of social determinants of health in CVD among Hispanic women.
• To propose a multipronged strategy for achieving equitable cardiovascular care for this demographic.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing current research on cardiovascular disease in Hispanic women.
• Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors, social determinants of health, and immigration-related barriers.
• Examination of the "Hispanic paradox" in light of population diversity.

Main Results:

• Hispanic women face significant cardiovascular risks compounded by social and immigration challenges.
• Existing research highlights the heterogeneity within the Hispanic population regarding CVD risk.
• The "Hispanic paradox" may obscure critical disparities within subpopulations.

Conclusions:

• A nuanced understanding of Hispanic women's cardiovascular health requires considering diverse cultural, genetic, and socioeconomic factors.
• Addressing social determinants of health and immigration barriers is essential for reducing CVD disparities.
• A multipronged approach is necessary to ensure equitable cardiovascular care for all Hispanic women.