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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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EMAS position statement: Thyroid disease and menopause.

Gesthimani Mintziori1, Stavroula Veneti1, Kris Poppe2

  • 1Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.

Maturitas
|April 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid disease and menopause often coexist, presenting diagnostic challenges. This EMAS statement offers guidance for managing these conditions in women, emphasizing personalized care for better well-being.

Keywords:
HyperthyroidismHypothyroidismMenopauseThyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Women's Health
  • Menopause Management

Background:

  • Thyroid diseases are prevalent in women nearing menopause.
  • Co-occurrence of thyroid disease and menopause can complicate diagnosis due to overlapping symptoms.
  • This necessitates focused clinical attention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop the first European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) statement on managing thyroid diseases in women experiencing menopause.
  • To address diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in this specific patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • Consensus was reached through expert opinion from EMAS executive board members and specialists in menopause and thyroid disease.

Main Results:

  • The paper identifies key diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas in managing women with thyroid disease during menopausal transition.
  • It underscores the need for increased healthcare professional awareness of both conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical decisions require caution, considering the unique characteristics of women in this age group.
  • A personalized patient approach, including family history, shared decision-making, and respecting preferences, is crucial for optimal well-being.