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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
446
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

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Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
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Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

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Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

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[Bile Acid Diarrhea].

Hee Jin Kim1, Hyun Jin Kim1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.

The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe Chi
|April 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) occurs when excess bile acids reach the colon, causing symptoms like chronic diarrhea. Research is exploring new diagnostic tests and treatments, including FXR agonists, to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid (SeHCAT)Bile acids and saltsDiagnosisDiarrhea, chronicPhysiopathologyTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Hepatology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder.
  • It is characterized by excess bile acids in the colon, leading to increased intestinal motility and secretion.
  • BAD affects 1-2% of the general population and is a significant cause of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

Purpose:

  • To review the current understanding of bile acid diarrhea (BAD) pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the need for improved diagnostic methods and more effective therapies.
  • To discuss emerging treatment strategies, such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists.

Summary:

  • BAD results from impaired enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, leading to high colonic concentrations.
  • Clinical symptoms include chronic diarrhea, urgency, fecal incontinence, and abdominal pain.
  • Potential causes include increased intestinal permeability, shortened transit time, and altered gut microbiota.

Impact:

  • Current diagnostic methods like the SeHCAT test have limitations; research is ongoing for non-invasive serum markers (e.g., serum 7αC4, FGF19).
  • While bile acid sequestrants are used, novel treatments with better efficacy and compliance are needed.
  • Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists show promise as a future therapeutic option for BAD.