3D ultra-short echo time ³¹P-MRSI with rosette k-space pattern: Feasibility and comparison with conventional weighted...

Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (³¹P-MRSI) provides valuable non-invasive in vivo information on tissue metabolism but is burdened by poor sensitivity and prolonged scan duration. Ultra-short echo time (UTE) acquisitions minimize signal loss when probing signals with relatively short spin-spin relaxation time (T₂), while also preventing first-order dephasing. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) UTE sequence with a rosette k-space trajectory is applied to ³¹P-MRSI at 3T. Conventional chemical shift imaging (CSI) employs highly regular Cartesian k-space sampling, susceptible to substantial artifacts when accelerated via undersampling. In contrast, this novel sequence's "petal-like" pattern offers incoherent sampling more suitable for compressed sensing (CS). These results showcase the competitive performance of UTE rosette ³¹P-MRSI against conventional weighted CSI with simulation, phantom, and in vivo leg muscle comparisons.