Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

56
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
56
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

39.0K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
39.0K
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.3K
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

71
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
71
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Health professionals' views and experiences of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): "If we're not thinking FASD, we're not assessing it, we're not diagnosing it".

Journal of intellectual & developmental disability·2026
Same author

Why do self-referent cues facilitate mathematical word problem-solving? Insights from eye tracking.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Semantic knowledge of words is necessary to produce an incidental self-reference effect.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

Quality of Life After Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and the Establishment of a Pathway for Renal Transplant Recipients.

Transplantation proceedings·2026
Same author

Optimising the unilateral DIEP flap breast reconstruction: A United Kingdom-Netherlands multi-centre comparative study.

JPRAS open·2026
Same author

Eco-audit of the Nail Bed Injury Treatment Pathway at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open·2026
Same journal

Adolescents' use of Instagram for coping with stress.

The British journal of developmental psychology·2026
Same journal

The association between eating behaviour and moral views on animals from childhood to adulthood.

The British journal of developmental psychology·2026
Same journal

Penny for your thoughts: A review and proposed model of socioeconomic status, working memory and worry.

The British journal of developmental psychology·2026
Same journal

Infant social withdrawal with parents and strangers-The role of parental sensitivity and depression.

The British journal of developmental psychology·2026
Same journal

JOINclusion: A serious mobile game for promoting ethnocultural empathy in schools.

The British journal of developmental psychology·2026
Same journal

Some culture is hiding in plain sight in research on child development.

The British journal of developmental psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.7K

The self-reference effect in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Zahra Ahmed1, Sheila J Cunningham1, Sinead Rhodes2

  • 1Abertay University, Dundee, UK.

The British Journal of Developmental Psychology
|April 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) struggle with self-memory, showing no self-reference effect for objects. However, their memory for self-performed actions remains intact, unlike in typically developing children.

Keywords:
attentionattention deficit hyperactivity disorderenactment effectmemoryselfself‐reference effect

More Related Videos

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

15.7K
Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.7K
Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

15.7K
Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Memory Systems

Background:

  • The self-memory system relies on processing self-relevant information.
  • Difficulties in attention, encoding, or retrieval can disrupt self-memory.
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may impact the self-memory system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare memory for self-referenced versus other-referenced items in children with ADHD and typically developing controls.
  • To investigate the self-reference effect (SRE) in children with ADHD.
  • To examine memory for self-performed actions in children with ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • 90 children aged 5-14 participated, including those with ADHD and typically developing controls.
  • Participants viewed objects with either their own face or an unknown child's face.
  • A subsequent surprise source memory test assessed recall of self-referenced vs. other-referenced items, alongside a memory-for-actions task.

Main Results:

  • Typically developing children exhibited a significant self-reference effect (SRE), recalling self-referenced items better than other-referenced items.
  • Children with ADHD showed no significant SRE, indicating impaired binding of information to the self-concept.
  • All groups demonstrated superior memory for self-performed actions, suggesting a preserved enactment effect in ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD exhibit a compromised self-reference effect, impacting their ability to integrate self-relevant information.
  • The enactment effect remains intact in ADHD, suggesting preserved memory for self-initiated actions.
  • Findings highlight specific deficits in the self-memory system in ADHD, with implications for understanding and intervention.