Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

89
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
89
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

81
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
81
Linear Circuits01:17

Linear Circuits

402
A linear circuit is characterized by its output having a direct proportionality to its input, adhering to the linearity property, which encompasses the principles of homogeneity (scaling) and additivity. Homogeneity dictates that when the input, also referred to as the excitation, is multiplied by a constant factor, the output, known as the response, is correspondingly scaled by the same constant factor. For instance, if the current is multiplied by a constant 'k,' the voltage likewise...
402
Types of Responses of Series RLC Circuits01:11

Types of Responses of Series RLC Circuits

883
A second-order differential equation characterizes a source-free series RLC circuit, marking its distinct mathematical representation. The complete solution of this equation is a blend of two unique solutions, each linked to the circuit's roots expressed in terms of the damping factor and resonant frequency.
883
Transient and Steady-state Response01:24

Transient and Steady-state Response

176
In control systems, test signals are essential for evaluating performance under various conditions. The ramp function is effective for systems undergoing gradual changes, while the step function is suitable for assessing systems facing sudden disturbances. For systems subjected to shock inputs, the impulse function is the most appropriate test signal.
These test signals are integral in designing control systems to exhibit two key performance aspects: transient response and steady-state...
176
Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

183
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
183

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The x-ray absorption spectrum of the propargyl radical C3H3●.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Velocity formulations for hyper-Rayleigh scattering optical activity spectroscopy: Addressing the origin-dependence problem.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

On the importance of relativistic corrections to the vibrational averaging of molecular properties: A zeroth-order regular approximation study on selected mercury compounds.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Assessment of Excited-State Methods for One- and Two-Photon Absorption in the Retinal Protonated Schiff Base.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same author

Evidence of orbital mixing upon ionization via Cooper minimum photoelectron dynamics in epichlorohydrin. Experiment and theory.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Benchmarking B3LYP, PBE0 and M06L for nuclear spin-spin couplings against CC3: influence of geometry optimization.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Electron Alchemy with Machine-Learned Interatomic Potentials: Case Studies of Local Charge in Bond Dissociation Curves.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same journal

Multilevel Fragmentation and Boundary Corrections for Accurate Vibrational Spectra of Large Molecules.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same journal

Special Topics: Developments of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Methods in Asia.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same journal

Predicting Excited-State Energies from Ground-State Descriptors in Thermally Fluctuating π-Conjugated Molecules.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same journal

Many-Body Theory Predictions of Positron Binding Energies in Five-Membered Heterocycles Involving N, O, S, and NH Substituents.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same journal

<i>opt</i>-DDAP: Optimizable Density-Derived Atomic Point Charges via Automatic Differentiation.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
08:48

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

1.7K

Which Options Exist for NISQ-Friendly Linear Response Formulations?

Karl Michael Ziems1, Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren2, Peter Reinholdt2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
|April 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a resource-efficient quantum linear response (qLR) theory for simulating complex chemical systems on near-term quantum computers. Two novel qLR methods, "proj LRSD" and "all-proj LRSD", show promise for accurate excited-state calculations.

More Related Videos

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.6K
Sample Preparation in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements of Protein Adsorption and Polymer Mechanics
08:21

Sample Preparation in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements of Protein Adsorption and Polymer Mechanics

Published on: January 22, 2020

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
08:48

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

1.7K
Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.6K
Sample Preparation in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements of Protein Adsorption and Polymer Mechanics
08:21

Sample Preparation in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements of Protein Adsorption and Polymer Mechanics

Published on: January 22, 2020

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum chemistry
  • Computational physics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Linear response (LR) theory is vital for understanding photoinduced processes.
  • Simulating large systems and strong electron correlation with LR theory is computationally challenging.
  • Quantum computing offers a potential solution for these complex simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a resource-efficient quantum linear response (qLR) theory applicable to near-term quantum computers.
  • To adapt qLR for systems beyond minimal basis sets using active-space approximations.
  • To identify efficient qLR formalisms for simulating excited-state properties.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced a truncated active-space version of the multiconfigurational self-consistent field LR ansatz.
  • Developed novel operator transformations for performing qLR equations on near-term quantum hardware.
  • Investigated eight different near-term qLR formalisms.

Main Results:

  • Successfully simulated excited-state potential energy curves and absorption spectra.
  • Identified two promising qLR formalisms: "proj LRSD" and "all-proj LRSD".
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of applying qLR to larger systems with resource-efficient methods.

Conclusions:

  • The developed resource-efficient qLR theory enables accurate excited-state calculations on near-term quantum devices.
  • "proj LRSD" and "all-proj LRSD" are identified as leading candidates for practical quantum simulations.
  • This work advances the application of quantum computation in chemistry and biology for photoinduced processes.