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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

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Residents Need a Dynamic Approach to Leadership Education: A Qualitative Study.

Jessie W Ho1, Emily J Cerier1, Carmen M Diaz2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Journal of Surgical Education
|April 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

General surgery residents gain leadership skills informally, often through mentorship. Targeted training during residency transitions can enhance leadership development and prepare them for future roles.

Keywords:
communicationcurriculum developmentgraduate medical educationneeds assessmentqualitative research methodssurgeon leadership

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Leadership Development

Background:

  • Leadership is crucial for surgeons but lacks systematic training in residency.
  • General surgery residents' current experiences with leadership development are largely informal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore general surgery residents' experiences with leadership training.
  • To identify motivators and perspectives on leadership development during residency.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with 20 general surgery residents.
  • Data were analyzed thematically using inductive coding by two independent researchers.

Main Results:

  • Residents developed leadership skills pre-residency through formal and informal means.
  • Leadership development during residency primarily occurred informally, with evolving resident responsibilities shaping values.
  • Transition periods between residency levels were identified as critical for leadership training.

Conclusions:

  • Formal leadership training is lacking in general surgery residency programs.
  • There is a need for tailored leadership curricula for surgical residents.
  • Residency transition periods are optimal for delivering leadership training for maximum engagement.