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Experimental Designs

Experimental Designs

An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three widely used types of experimental design - pre-experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi-experimental design. In pre-experimental design, the researcher compares the data before and after some interventions or treatments. The true-experimental design has more than one purposefully created group, a commonly measured...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Experimental Protocol for Examining Behavioral Response Profiles in Larval Fish: Application to the Neuro-stimulant Caffeine

Experimental Protocol for Examining Behavioral Response Profiles in Larval Fish: Application to the Neuro-stimulant Caffeine

Published on: July 24, 2018

Can caffeine improve your performance? Psychophysiological effects - A systematic review.

Nicolas Saavedra Velásquez¹, Víctor Cuadrado Peñafiel¹, Ricardo de la Vega Marcos¹

¹Department of Physical Education, Sports & Human Movement. Facultad de Formación de Profesorado y Educación. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.

Nutricion Hospitalaria

|April 26, 2024

Summary

Caffeine supplementation can enhance psychophysiological performance, with moderate doses (3-6 mg/kg) showing the most promise. Individual factors like habitual consumption may influence caffeine

Keywords:

Cafeína. Cognitivo. Bebida energética. Psicofisiológico.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Experimental Protocol for Examining Behavioral Response Profiles in Larval Fish: Application to the Neuro-stimulant Caffeine

Experimental Protocol for Examining Behavioral Response Profiles in Larval Fish: Application to the Neuro-stimulant Caffeine

Published on: July 24, 2018

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Published on: January 25, 2016

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Human Physiology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Caffeine is a widely consumed ergogenic aid with potential cognitive, physiological, and sports-related benefits.
Understanding its impact on psychophysiological performance is crucial for athletes and researchers.
This review systematically evaluates current evidence on caffeine's ergogenic effects.

Approach:

A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.
Searches were performed in SportsDiscus, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases (October 2022).
Inclusion criteria focused on double-blind, randomized/semi-randomized crossover studies comparing caffeine to placebo, with no age or gender filters.

Key Points:

Out of 201 initial articles, 8 studies were included in the final analysis.
37.5% of studies found favorable ergogenic effects, 50% found partial effects, and 12.5% found no significant effects.
Partial or negative results may stem from insufficient dosages or habitual caffeine consumption influencing outcomes.

Conclusions:

Moderate caffeine doses (3-6 mg/kg) appear effective for improving psychophysiological responses without adverse effects.
Intervention designs should account for variables like habitual intake to optimize caffeine's ergogenic potential.
Caffeine remains a viable strategy for enhancing performance when used judiciously.