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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
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Point-Counterpoint: The Need for Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Open Source (OS) AID Systems in Type 1 Diabetes Management.

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Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
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Open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, developed by people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), offer alternatives to commercial options. This article compares open-source AID (OS-AID) and commercial AID systems on key aspects for diabetes management.

Keywords:
DIYcontinuous glucose monitoringhybrid closed loopopen sourcetype 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Diabetes Technology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Diabetes management has advanced with patient-developed technologies, notably automated insulin delivery (AID) algorithms.
  • Open-source AID (OS-AID) systems, initially created by individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), predate commercial systems.
  • Despite commercial availability, a significant number of people with T1D continue to use non-commercial OS-AID systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a balanced comparison of open-source AID (OS-AID) and commercial AID systems.
  • To explore critical aspects including safety, efficacy, regulation, user choice, access, and education.
  • To incorporate diverse perspectives from a T1D user/developer, a physician-researcher, and an endocrinologist with T1D.

Main Methods:

  • Point and counterpoint discussion framework.
  • Comparative analysis across five key domains: safety/efficacy, regulation/support, user choice/flexibility, access/affordability, and education.
  • Inclusion of expert and user perspectives from individuals actively involved in AID systems.

Main Results:

  • Detailed perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages of both OS-AID and commercial AID systems.
  • Highlights differences in safety, efficacy, regulatory oversight, user autonomy, cost, and educational resources.
  • Provides a nuanced view reflecting the lived experiences and professional insights of diverse stakeholders.

Conclusions:

  • Both OS-AID and commercial AID systems offer valuable options for diabetes management.
  • The choice between systems depends on individual needs, preferences, and circumstances.
  • Further dialogue and research are essential to optimize all forms of AID for people with diabetes.