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Fluid Ejections in Nature.

Elio J Challita1,2, Pankaj Rohilla2, M Saad Bhamla2

  • 1George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
|April 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological fluid ejections, from fungi to whales, are vital. This review explores their complex physics, governing forces, and bioinspired engineering applications.

Keywords:
biofluid dynamicsbioinspired designdropletfluid interfacesjetsnozzleorganismal biophysicsphysics of living systems

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Fluid ejections are common biological phenomena across diverse organisms, serving critical functions like excretion, defense, and reproduction.
  • These ejections range from microscopic fungal spore dispersal to large-scale whale exhalations, involving both active and passive mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex fluid physics governing biological ejections across various scales.
  • To introduce a framework using dimensionless numbers to understand ejection behaviors and governing forces.
  • To highlight the potential for engineering applications inspired by these natural phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing research on biological fluid ejections.
  • Analysis of fluid dynamics principles applied to biological systems.
  • Framework development using dimensionless numbers to classify ejection regimes.

Main Results:

  • Identified universal principles governing fluid ejections in biology.
  • Delineated transitions between dripping and jetting phenomena using dimensionless parameters.
  • Highlighted the understudied area of complex fluid ejections.

Conclusions:

  • Biological fluid ejections are governed by intricate fluid physics with broad implications.
  • Understanding these phenomena can inspire advancements in soft robotics, additive manufacturing, and drug delivery.
  • This review bridges biomechanics and fluid dynamics, offering a foundation for future bioinspired research.