Redox Regulation of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels Activity

Redox reactions exert a profound influence on numerous cellular functions with mitochondria playing a central role in orchestrating these processes. This pivotal involvement arises from three primary factors: (1) the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria, (2) the presence of a substantial array of redox enzymes such as respiratory chain, and (3) the responsiveness of mitochondria to the cellular redox state. Within the inner mitochondrial membrane, a group of potassium channels, including ATP-regulated, large conductance calcium-activated, and voltage-regulated channels, is present. These channels play a crucial role in conditions such as cytoprotection, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and inflammation. Notably, the activity of mitochondrial potassium channels is intricately governed by redox reactions. Furthermore, the regulatory influence extends to other proteins, such as kinases, which undergo redox modifications. This review aims to offer a comprehensive exploration of the modulation of mitochondrial potassium channels through diverse redox reactions with a specific focus on the involvement of ROS.