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Home-Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Pilot Study.

Kyriaki Neophytou1, Kelly Williamson1, Olivia Herrmann1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 488, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Brain Sciences
|April 27, 2024
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Summary

Home-based anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) improved verbal short-term memory (vSTM) in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) patients. This brain stimulation also enhanced other language skills, showing promising results for cognitive rehabilitation.

Keywords:
home-based tDCSprimary progressive aphasiatranscranial direct current stimulationverbal short-term memoryworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Speech and Language Pathology

Background:

  • Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting language abilities.
  • Verbal short-term memory/working memory (vSTM/WM) deficits are common in PPA.
  • Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are being explored for cognitive enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of home-based anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) combined with a vSTM/WM intervention (RAM) in PPA patients.
  • To determine if a-tDCS over the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) enhances vSTM/WM performance compared to sham stimulation.
  • To investigate the generalization of tDCS effects to other language and cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, within-subject design was used with seven PPA participants.
  • Participants received both active a-tDCS and sham-tDCS, each coupled with the RAM treatment in separate conditions.
  • The RAM treatment involved repeating word spans; transfer effects were assessed using near and far transfer tasks.

Main Results:

  • Anodal tDCS significantly improved vSTM abilities, specifically word span backward performance.
  • The benefits of a-tDCS generalized to other language skills, including spelling of real words and pseudowords.
  • Improved learning, retention, and delayed recall were also observed, indicating broader cognitive benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Home-based a-tDCS, when combined with vSTM/WM intervention, shows potential for improving cognitive function in PPA.
  • The findings suggest that tDCS over the left SMG can augment targeted memory training.
  • This approach offers a promising avenue for non-pharmacological cognitive rehabilitation in PPA.