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Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology

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Investigation of Liquid Collagen Ink for Three-Dimensional Printing.

Colten L Snider¹, Chris J Glover², David A Grant³

¹Arthrex, Naples, FL 34108, USA.

|April 27, 2024

Summary

A novel liquid collagen ink, stabilized with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), was successfully developed for 3D printing tissue scaffolds. This biocompatible ink maintains shape and enhances cell compatibility, showing promise for tissue engineering applications.

Keywords:

3D printing collagen gold nanoparticles scaffolds

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

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Published on: June 10, 2014

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
3D Printing Technology

Background:

Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers versatility in fabricating scaffolds for tissue replacement.
A key challenge is developing stable, biocompatible printing inks that maintain scaffold integrity.
Collagen is a promising biomaterial, but its pre-fibrillar state requires careful formulation for 3D printing.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a stable, liquid collagen ink suitable for 3D printing.
To investigate the properties and biocompatibility of 3D-printed collagen scaffolds.
To explore the conjugation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto the scaffolds.

Main Methods:

Collagen was stabilized in a liquid pre-fibrillar state using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) during dialysis.
Collagen inks were 3D-printed using two different printing systems.
Scaffolds were crosslinked with EDC/NHS or genipin and conjugated with gold nanoparticles.
Characterization included extrudability, shape fidelity, AuNP conjugation, and biocompatibility via fibroblast and stroma cell culture.

Main Results:

The developed liquid collagen ink demonstrated successful 3D printability and maintained scaffold shape.
Crosslinked scaffolds showed good stability and could be conjugated with gold nanoparticles.
Cell culture studies indicated enhanced biocompatibility of the 3D-printed scaffolds.

Conclusions:

The liquid collagen ink is a viable material for 3D printing tissue scaffolds.
The incorporation of EDTA provides necessary stability for collagen inks.
The resulting scaffolds exhibit favorable properties for tissue engineering applications.