Transcriptomic Analysis of PDCoV-Infected HIEC-6 Cells and Enrichment Pathways PI3K-Akt and P38 MAPK

Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly identified coronavirus that causes severe intestinal lesions in piglets. However, the understanding of how PDCoV interacts with human hosts is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the interactions between PDCoV and human intestinal cells (HIEC-6) by analyzing the transcriptome at different time points post-infection (12 h, 24 h, 48 h). Differential gene analysis revealed a total of 3560, 5193, and 4147 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, respectively. The common genes among the DEGs at all three time points were enriched in biological processes related to cytokine production, extracellular matrix, and cytokine activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment of genes involved in the p53 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Further analysis of highly expressed genes among the DEGs identified significant changes in the expression levels of BUB1, DDIT4, ATF3, GBP2, and IRF1. Comparison of transcriptome data at 24 h with other time points revealed 298 DEGs out of a total of 6276 genes. KEGG analysis of these DEGs showed significant enrichment of pathways related to viral infection, specifically the PI3K-Akt and P38 MAPK pathways. Furthermore, the genes EFNA1 and KITLG, which are associated with viral infection, were found in both enriched pathways, suggesting their potential as therapeutic or preventive targets for PDCoV infection. The enhancement of PDCoV infection in HIEC-6 was observed upon inhibition of the PI3K-Akt and P38 MAPK signaling pathways using sophoridine. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PDCoV infection in HIEC-6 cells and provide insights for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against PDCoV infection.