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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Lower Limbs01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy: Charting a path forward.

G Van Cutsem1, J N Siewe Fodjo2, A Hadermann2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Seizure
|April 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Onchocerciasis-Associated Epilepsy (OAE) affects children in remote areas. Strengthening onchocerciasis control programs significantly reduced OAE and nodding syndrome incidence.

Keywords:
EpilepsyIvermectinNodding syndromeOnchocerciasisPreventionTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Onchocerciasis-Associated Epilepsy (OAE) is a neglected public health issue in onchocerciasis-endemic regions.
  • OAE is defined as new-onset seizures in children (3-18 years) without other causes in areas with high Onchocerca volvulus transmission.
  • Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms for OAE remain unproven.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform neurologists and public health professionals about OAE.
  • To review the epidemiology, proposed mechanisms, and control strategies for OAE.
  • To highlight the need for integrated approaches to manage OAE.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review based on existing literature.
  • Epidemiological data and findings from population-based studies were analyzed.
  • Current challenges and recommendations for OAE management were discussed.

Main Results:

  • Strengthening onchocerciasis elimination programs led to a significant decrease in OAE and nodding syndrome incidence.
  • Treatment of epilepsy in endemic regions presents challenges, requiring improved access to anti-seizure medication.
  • Advocacy for policy development and increased funding for OAE prevention and treatment is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated strategies involving onchocerciasis control and mental health programs are essential for alleviating the OAE burden.
  • Establishing morbidity management and disability prevention programs (MMDP) can reduce the disease burden.
  • Collaboration between onchocerciasis elimination and mental health programs offers reciprocal benefits and a comprehensive approach.