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Atypical Brain Aging and Its Association With Working Memory Performance in Major Depressive Disorder.

Natalie C W Ho1, Richard A I Bethlehem2, Jakob Seidlitz3

  • 1Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Depression & Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
|April 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to atypical brain development and aging, impacting cognitive functions like working memory. This study used brain centile scores to explore these differences in adolescents and adults with and without MDD.

Keywords:
Brain agingChildhood maltreatmentEscitalopramMagnetic resonance imagingMajor depressive disorderWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) shares similarities with aging in terms of brain structure and cognitive deficits.
  • The interplay between age-related brain changes and MDD development is not well understood.
  • This study investigates neurodevelopmental trajectories in individuals with and without MDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess brain aging differences in adolescents and adults with and without MDD.
  • To examine associations between brain aging, cognitive function, and treatment response in MDD.
  • To utilize a novel tool for quantifying normative neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 304 participants with MDD and 236 controls from the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network for Depression.
  • Generated brain centile scores from volumetric data.
  • Analyzed differences between MDD and control groups, effects of childhood maltreatment, and correlations with symptom severity, neurocognition, and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Brain centile scores were significantly lower in the MDD group compared to controls.
  • Brain centile correlated with working memory in controls, but not in the MDD group.
  • No significant associations were found between depression severity, antidepressant treatment response, or childhood maltreatment history and brain centiles.

Conclusions:

  • Brain centile scores differ in individuals with MDD, suggesting atypical development and aging.
  • MDD is associated with altered relationships between brain centiles and working memory.
  • Findings imply neurocognitive deficits in MDD may relate to atypical aging processes.