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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.3K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Highly Frustrated Poly(ionic liquid) ABC Triblock Terpolymers with Exceptionally High Morphology Factors.

Patrick M Lathrop1, Rui Sun1, Frederick L Beyer2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.

Macromolecules
|April 29, 2024
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Summary

Researchers synthesized 17 poly(ionic liquid) ABC triblock terpolymers, revealing diverse morphologies that significantly impact ion conductivity. A hexagonal superlattice morphology achieved a high morphology factor, showcasing potential for advanced polymer electrolytes.

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are crucial for polymer electrolytes.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships in PILs is vital for optimizing ion conductivity.
  • ABC triblock terpolymers offer complex architectures for tailored material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a series of poly(ionic liquid) ABC triblock terpolymers.
  • To investigate the diverse morphologies arising from different terpolymer compositions.
  • To establish the relationship between morphology and ion conductivity in these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of 17 unique poly(S-b-VBMIm-TFSI-b-HA) compositions.
  • Morphological characterization using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • Ion conductivity measurements and calculation of morphology factors.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized 17 PIL ABC triblock terpolymer compositions.
  • Observed nine distinct morphologies, including disordered, cylindrical, lamellar, gyroid, and superlattice structures.
  • Demonstrated significant impact of morphology on ion conductivity, with a hexagonal superlattice yielding an exceptionally high morphology factor of 2.0.
  • Confirmed the spheres-in-lamellae morphology via SAXS and TEM.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents the first systematic investigation of highly frustrated single-ion conducting ABC triblock terpolymers with diverse morphologies.
  • Morphology plays a critical role in determining ion transport efficiency.
  • The findings provide a foundation for designing highly conductive polymer electrolytes by controlling morphology.