Research Progress of Pericytes in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pericytes, a specific type of mesenchymal cell that surround the basement membrane of pulmonary venules and capillaries. They are crucial pathological features observed in individuals with the severe lung disease of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The presence of pericytes leads to inflammation and fibrosis in the lung interstitium and alveolar space due to the release of various cytokines and chemokines. Pericytes also stimulate the proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, thereby promoting the progression of PF. Previous studies examining the mechanism of action of pericytes have primarily focused on cell signal transduction pathways, cell growth and death processes, and the synthesis and breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM). Notably, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways have been associated with the action of pericytes in driving the progression of PF. It is therefore clear that pericytes play an essential role in the development of PF, while also offering possible avenues for targeted therapeutic intervention against this condition. The current article provides a comprehensive review on how pericytes contribute to inflammatory responses, as well as their importance for understanding the mechanism of PF. In addition, this review discusses the potential use of pericyte-targeted approaches for the treatment of patients affected by this debilitating lung disease.