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A minimally broken flavor symmetry, U(2)_{q+e}, explains fermion mass patterns. This symmetry highlights charged lepton flavor violation as a key experimental probe for future discoveries.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Flavor Physics
  • Symmetry

Background:

  • The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics describes fundamental particles and forces but does not explain the observed patterns in fermion masses and mixing angles.
  • Flavor symmetries offer a potential explanation for these patterns, but their structure and breaking mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a specific flavor symmetry, U(2)_{q+e}, as a potential explanation for fermion mass and mixing patterns.
  • To explore the consequences of this symmetry, including accidental symmetries and selection rules.
  • To assess the potential of charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) as an experimental probe within this framework.

Main Methods:

  • A model-independent analysis of the Standard Model as an effective field theory.
  • Consideration of a minimally broken U(2)_{q+e} flavor symmetry acting on left-handed quarks and right-handed charged leptons.
  • Examination of how this symmetry leads to an accidental U(2)^{5} symmetry at the renormalizable level.
  • Discussion of consistent gauging of the symmetry and its realization in SU(5) grand unification.

Main Results:

  • The proposed U(2)_{q+e} flavor symmetry naturally explains the observed fermion mass and mixing patterns.
  • An accidental U(2)^{5} symmetry arises at the renormalizable level without ad-hoc selection rules.
  • The symmetry implies specific selection rules that enhance the importance of charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV).

Conclusions:

  • The U(2)_{q+e} flavor symmetry provides a compelling explanation for fermion flavor structure.
  • Charged lepton flavor violation emerges as a crucial experimental observable for probing this symmetry.
  • Future experimental advancements in CLFV searches are expected to yield significant insights.