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Multiplexed Opto-Microfluidic Biosensing: Advanced Platform for Prostate Cancer Detection.

Riccardo Funari1, Kang-Yu Chu2, Amy Q Shen3

  • 1Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.

ACS Sensors
|April 29, 2024
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Summary

This study presents a novel biosensor for early prostate cancer (PCa) detection. The device simultaneously measures prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and two other PCa biomarkers in plasma, offering a sensitive and cost-effective diagnostic tool.

Keywords:
LSPRantibodygold electrodepositionimmunosensormicrofluidicsmultiplex biosensingprostate cancer diagnostics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, emphasizing the need for improved early detection methods beyond prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.
  • Current diagnostic techniques have limitations, driving the development of sensitive, cost-effective, and user-friendly biosensors.
  • Existing biosensors primarily focus on PSA, highlighting the need for multiplexed detection of complementary biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a compact opto-microfluidic biosensor for the simultaneous detection of PCa biomarkers.
  • To utilize gold nanospikes fabricated via electrodeposition for enhanced sensitivity in biomarker detection.
  • To enable precise and concurrent measurement of PSA, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and anti-α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (anti-AMACR) in diluted human plasma.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a gold nanospike substrate using electrodeposition.
  • Integration of the nanospike substrate into a microfluidic chip.
  • Application of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) principle for label-free detection.
  • Analysis of diluted human plasma samples for simultaneous biomarker quantification.

Main Results:

  • The biosensor demonstrated enhanced sensitivity for detecting PSA, MMP-2, and anti-AMACR.
  • Achieved limits of detection (LOD) of 0.22 ng/mL for PSA, 0.37 ng/mL for MMP-2, and 0.18 ng/mL for anti-AMACR.
  • The platform showed robustness in real sample analysis without requiring labeling agents.

Conclusions:

  • The developed opto-microfluidic biosensor offers a sensitive and comprehensive approach for PCa biomarker analysis.
  • The multiplexed detection capability and label-free nature make it a promising tool for point-of-care diagnostics.
  • This technology has the potential to significantly impact early medical diagnostics for prostate cancer.