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Scene construction in healthy aging - Exploring the interplay between task complexity and oculomotor behaviour.

Federica Conti1, Sarah Carnemolla1, Olivier Piguet1

  • 1The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

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Summary

Older adults show distinct eye movement patterns during mental scene construction, with increased fixations and saccades, and a unique decrease in eye movements when task complexity increases. This suggests age-related differences in visual attention and working memory.

Keywords:
AgingEpisodic memoryEye movementsImaginationSemantic memoryVisual mental imagery

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Episodic memory, mental imagery, and oculomotor behavior are closely linked.
  • Understanding how eye movements support mental imagery and how this changes with age is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate age-related changes in oculomotor signatures during scene construction.
  • Explore the impact of task complexity on these age-related processes.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited younger and cognitively healthy older adults for a guided scene construction task.
  • Manipulated scene complexity by varying the number of sequentially integrated elements.
  • Recorded eye movements and collected subjective ratings of phenomenological experience.

Main Results:

  • Older adults reported more vivid and spatially integrated constructions.
  • Older adults generated more fixations and saccades than younger adults, particularly on control trials.
  • Oculomotor behavior changed with task complexity in younger adults, but older adults decreased eye movements after a second stimulus introduction.

Conclusions:

  • Age influences oculomotor control during complex mental imagery tasks.
  • Older adults may exhibit altered attentional strategies or compensatory mechanisms in eye movement behavior.
  • Further research is needed to determine if observed oculomotor shifts in older adults serve a compensatory function for task performance.