Multiple group membership and executive function in a socioeconomically diverse sample.
Nobuhiko Goto1, Sony Kusumasondjaja2, Fandy Tjiptono3
1Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan. n.goto@r.hit-u.ac.jp.
Scientific Reports
|April 30, 2024
Summary
Multiple group memberships enhance cognitive performance, specifically working memory, but this effect is limited to individuals with high socioeconomic status (SES). Social complexity impacts executive functions, moderated by SES.
Area of Science:
- Social psychology
- Cognitive neuroscience
- Individual differences
Background:
- Belonging to multiple social groups is common but its link to cognitive abilities is understudied.
- Managing multiple identities requires cognitive flexibility and access to group-specific knowledge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between multiple group membership and executive function performance.
- To explore the moderating role of socioeconomic status (SES) on this relationship.
Main Methods:
- A study was conducted with 395 socioeconomically diverse individuals in Indonesia.
- Participants' multiple group memberships and executive functions, including working memory (3-back task), were assessed.
- Socioeconomic status (SES) and contact diversity were also measured.
Main Results:
- Multiple group membership positively correlated with 3-back working memory performance.
- This positive relationship was significant only for participants with high SES.
- Contact diversity showed a negative association with working memory in low SES participants.
Conclusions:
- The complexity of social lives, indicated by multiple group memberships, is associated with executive function performance.
- Socioeconomic status significantly constrains the relationship between social complexity and cognitive performance.
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