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Multiple group membership and executive function in a socioeconomically diverse sample.

Nobuhiko Goto1, Sony Kusumasondjaja2, Fandy Tjiptono3

  • 1Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan. n.goto@r.hit-u.ac.jp.

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Summary

Multiple group memberships enhance cognitive performance, specifically working memory, but this effect is limited to individuals with high socioeconomic status (SES). Social complexity impacts executive functions, moderated by SES.

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Area of Science:

  • Social psychology
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Individual differences

Background:

  • Belonging to multiple social groups is common but its link to cognitive abilities is understudied.
  • Managing multiple identities requires cognitive flexibility and access to group-specific knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between multiple group membership and executive function performance.
  • To explore the moderating role of socioeconomic status (SES) on this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A study was conducted with 395 socioeconomically diverse individuals in Indonesia.
  • Participants' multiple group memberships and executive functions, including working memory (3-back task), were assessed.
  • Socioeconomic status (SES) and contact diversity were also measured.

Main Results:

  • Multiple group membership positively correlated with 3-back working memory performance.
  • This positive relationship was significant only for participants with high SES.
  • Contact diversity showed a negative association with working memory in low SES participants.

Conclusions:

  • The complexity of social lives, indicated by multiple group memberships, is associated with executive function performance.
  • Socioeconomic status significantly constrains the relationship between social complexity and cognitive performance.