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RNA-binding proteins and exoribonucleases modulating miRNA in cancer: the enemy within

Yoona Seo1,2, Jiho Rhim1,2, Jong Heon Kim3,4

  • 1Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea.

Experimental & Molecular Medicine
|April 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulators, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and exoribonucleases, are crucial in gene expression and tumorigenesis. Targeting these molecules offers potential treatments for cancers and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Virology

Background:

  • MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and processing are key to posttranscriptional gene regulation.
  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and exoribonucleases interact with miRNAs, influencing gene expression.
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) proliferation involve complex interactions between host factors and viral RNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established and emerging roles of miRNA regulators (RBPs and exoribonucleases) in cancer.
  • To discuss the interplay of these regulators with miR-122 during HCV proliferation.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting miRNAs and their modulators for cancer and HCV treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on miRNA biogenesis and function.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving miRNAs, RBPs, and exoribonucleases in cancer and viral infections.
  • Synthesis of current understanding regarding therapeutic strategies targeting miRNA pathways.

Main Results:

  • miRNA regulators play critical roles in tumorigenesis.
  • HCV proliferation is closely linked to the crosstalk between host RBPs, exoribonucleases, and miR-122.
  • Targeting miRNAs or their cellular modulators shows promise for treating cancers and HCV.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay of miRNAs, RBPs, and exoribonucleases is fundamental to gene expression and disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these interactions provides insights into the mechanisms of cancer and viral replication.
  • Targeting miRNA regulatory networks represents a promising avenue for novel therapeutic interventions.

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