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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye
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Gene expression programs in mammalian spermatogenesis.

Chunsheng Han1,2,3,4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|May 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian spermatogenesis, a complex cellular process, involves numerous genes and molecular mechanisms. This overview details each stage of sperm development and its genetic regulation.

Keywords:
GonocyteMeiosisPrimordial germ cellSpermatidSpermatocyteSpermatogenesisSpermatogonial stem cellSpermatogoniumSpermiogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Spermatogenesis is a highly complex cellular developmental process in mammals.
  • It serves as a model for studying gametogenesis and general developmental biology.
  • The process involves both cell-specific and general molecular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of mammalian spermatogenesis.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of each developmental step.
  • To highlight gene regulation in spermatogenesis based on recent research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on mammalian spermatogenesis.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular activities during different developmental stages.
  • Focus on genetic control and regulation of the process.

Main Results:

  • Spermatogenesis is a genetically programmed process requiring collaboration of many genes.
  • Detailed description of cellular and molecular events at each stage.
  • Emphasis on the critical role of gene regulation in successful sperm development.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex, multi-stage process essential for reproduction.
  • Understanding its intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms, particularly gene regulation, is crucial.
  • This overview synthesizes current knowledge to aid further research in reproductive and developmental biology.