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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
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Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
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Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

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Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
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Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia

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Insomnia.

Ashley M Paul1, Rachel E Salas1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 6-119, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Primary Care
|May 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insomnia, difficulty sleeping, is common and linked to health issues. Management focuses on cognitive behavioral therapy and personalized "somnomics" approaches, with medication as a secondary option.

Keywords:
3P modelCBT-ICognitive behavioral therapy for insomniaInsomniaSleepSomnomics

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Science
  • Medical Research
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sleep is crucial for overall health.
  • Insomnia prevalence is rising, increasing comorbidity risk.
  • Pathophysiology involves hyperarousal and altered sleep homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the understanding of insomnia.
  • To discuss assessment and management strategies.
  • To highlight the role of "somnomics" in personalized care.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment based on history.
  • Review of the 3P model for insomnia.
  • Evaluation of current treatment guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Insomnia is multifactorial, explained by the 3P model.
  • Clinical evaluation is key for diagnosis.
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is first-line.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized management (
  • somnomics
  • ) is recommended.
  • Non-pharmacological strategies, especially CBT-I, are primary treatments.
  • Medications have limited supporting evidence and are secondary options.