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Related Concept Videos

Cell Culture01:21

Cell Culture

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Most vertebrate cells grow in vitro attached to a substrate as a monolayer, called adherent cultures. The flasks and plates used to grow cells are chemically treated to facilitate cell attachment. However, a few cell types, such as hematopoietic cells, can grow in a suspension. In contrast to adherent cultures, suspension cultures can grow in non-treated cultureware using magnetic stirrers or spinner flasks to agitate the culture media
17.1K

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Engineering Cell Instructive Microenvironments for In Vitro Replication of Functional Barrier Organs.

Francesco Urciuolo1, Giorgia Imparato2, Paolo Antonio Netti1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|May 2, 2024
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Summary

Engineering functional organs requires replicating the complex cellular environment. Current tissue engineering methods struggle to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), limiting in vitro organ development and disease modeling.

Keywords:
cell and tissue microenvironmentcell morphogenetic programgut‐on‐chiplung‐on‐chiptissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Multicellular organisms display emergent properties from synergistic cellular interactions and their environment.
  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic, informative space regulating cell behavior and morphogenesis.
  • Current synthetic scaffolds lack the sophistication to replicate the ECM's complex signaling, hindering organ engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review limitations in current in vitro organ morphogenesis techniques.
  • To emphasize the critical role of the cell-native microenvironment in organ development.
  • To highlight the need for advanced microphysiological systems for studying development and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of gene regulatory networks, mechanical factors, and microenvironmental cues in morphogenesis.
  • Examination of in vitro efforts for barrier organs like the lung and intestine.
  • Analysis of cell-ECM interactions and their impact on tissue development.

Main Results:

  • The ECM's role extends beyond structural support to actively orchestrating biochemical and biophysical signals.
  • Replicating the intricate nature of the ECM in synthetic scaffolds remains a significant technological challenge.
  • Maintaining cells within their native microenvironmental context is crucial for accurate organ-specific property replication.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced microphysiological systems are necessary to faithfully reproduce cell-native interactions for in vitro organogenesis.
  • Overcoming current limitations is essential for advancing the understanding of developmental disorders and disease progression.
  • Accurate replication of the cell-ECM interplay is key to engineering functional human organs.