Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Decay

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Clinician's Guide to the 2024 VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Rehabilitation of Individuals With Lower Limb Amputation.

American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation·2026

Same author

Does Depressed Mood Affect Accuracy of Perceptions of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis? The Role of Momentary Depressive Symptoms in the Correspondence Between Subjective and Objective Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis.

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation·2026

Same author

Cognitive Strategy Use for Functional Compensation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation·2026

Same author

Senolytic treatment induces oligodendrocyte dysfunction and demyelination in the corpus callosum.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Relationships between intraindividual cognitive variability, self-reported cognitive dysfunction, and functional difficulties in persons with multiple sclerosis: a preliminary investigation.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2026

Same author

Topographical Variation of Iron-Rimmed Lesions in the Multiple Sclerosis Brain and Spinal Cord: A Neuropathological Study.

Annals of neurology·2026

Same journal

Stability and accuracy of specific learning disability diagnoses from childhood to young adulthood.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2026

Same journal

Performance validity test failure rates among neuropsychological outpatients clinically referred for persistent Long COVID cognitive symptoms following mild SARS-CoV-2 disease severity.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2026

Same journal

Correction.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2026

Same journal

A 50-year personal odyssey through the story of learning disabilities: from primary school to adult LD diagnoses.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2026

Same journal

The gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: a systematic review of microbiota-derived biomarkers and novel therapeutic approaches.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2026

Same journal

Sex-specific associations between reproductive history and late-life cognitive outcomes.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Patterns of prospective memory errors differ in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Caitlyn A Nguyen^1,2, Sarah A Raskin^1,2, Aaron P Turner^3,4,5

¹Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, Hartford, CT, USA.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

|May 2, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Prospective memory errors are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Persons with MS (PwMS) make more errors than healthy controls (HC), particularly loss of content errors.

Keywords:

Multiple sclerosis cognitive functioning error analysis prospective memory

More Related Videos

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: October 13, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: October 13, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Clinical Neurology

Background:

Prospective memory (PM) is crucial for daily functioning.
PM deficits are a known challenge for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Understanding specific error patterns in MS can inform interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the types and frequency of prospective memory errors in persons with MS (PwMS).
To compare PM error profiles between PwMS and healthy controls (HC).
To examine differences in PM errors between PwMS with and without cognitive impairments (processing speed, verbal learning).

Main Methods:

Utilized the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST) to assess PM.
Coded five types of PM errors: PM failure, task substitution, loss of content, loss of time, and random errors.
Compared PwMS (n=111) and HC (n=75), and subgrouped PwMS based on SDMT/RAVLT performance.

Main Results:

Nearly 93% of PwMS committed at least one PM error, versus 76% of HC.
The most frequent error for PwMS was loss of content (45.0%).
PwMS exhibited more task substitution errors and fewer loss of time errors than HC; impaired PwMS made more errors, especially on time-based tasks.

Conclusions:

Prospective memory errors are prevalent in PwMS, especially with longer delays and time-based cues.
PwMS demonstrate distinct cognitive process failures compared to HC.
These findings highlight the need for targeted support for PM in MS.