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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking

Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking

Published on: April 30, 2020

Task switch costs scale with dissimilarity between task rules.

Bettina Bustos¹, J Toby Mordkoff¹, Eliot Hazeltine¹

¹Cognitive Control Collaborative, University of Iowa.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General

|May 2, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive flexibility involves task switching, which incurs costs. This study shows task switching costs increase with greater differences between task rules, supporting a cognitive map-like representation of tasks.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

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Published on: April 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Cognitive flexibility allows voluntary task switching.
Task switching involves updating task representations and incurs switch costs.
Understanding task representations is key to cognitive flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between task dissimilarity and switch costs.
To test the hypothesis that task representations are cognitive map-like.
To extend the understanding of task switching beyond binary effects.

Main Methods:

Parametrically manipulated the similarity between task rules in an experimental design.
Measured response times to assess switch costs.
Analyzed the scaling of response time with task rule dissimilarity.

Main Results:

Observed that response time increases proportionally with the dissimilarity between task rules.
Demonstrated a parametric relationship between task rule differences and switch costs.
Provided evidence for the cognitive map-like nature of task representations.

Conclusions:

Task representations are organized in a manner analogous to cognitive maps.
The degree of difference between tasks predicts the magnitude of updating required.
Findings extend the task-switching paradigm to a parametric framework.