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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Behavioral Disturbances: An Innovative Approach to Monitor the Modulatory Effects of a Nutraceutical Diet
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Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Psychiatric Practice.

Kevin P Kennedy1, Jeanne L Alexander2, Amir Garakani3,4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Suite C8-193, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. kpkennedy@mednet.ucla.edu.

Current Psychiatry Reports
|May 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, routine B12 supplementation is not proven effective for common psychiatric disorders or depression prevention.

Keywords:
B12 deficiencyB12 supplementationCobalaminDepressionVitamin B12

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is linked to neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • This suggests potential roles for B12 supplementation in psychiatric treatment and augmentation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review causes of B12 deficiency.
  • To examine psychiatric and non-psychiatric manifestations of B12 deficiency.
  • To assess evidence for B12 supplementation in major psychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of evidence for B12 supplementation efficacy.
  • Examination of guidelines for B12 level testing.

Main Results:

  • No high-quality evidence supports routine B12 supplementation for mild depression or depression prevention.
  • Limited evidence exists for B12 augmentation of antidepressants.
  • No robust evidence supports routine B12 supplementation for other major psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Routine B12 supplementation is not recommended for major psychiatric disorders without deficiency.
  • Clinicians should identify risk factors and symptoms of B12 deficiency.
  • Testing for B12 deficiency is advised for atypical or severe psychiatric presentations.