Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2025
05:28
Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording
Published on: November 19, 2015
8.6K
Neural mechanisms of respiratory interoception
Pei-Ying Sarah Chan1, Lu-Yuan Lee2, Paul W Davenport3
1Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical
|May 2, 2024
Summary
Respiratory interoception, the body's sense of breathing, involves complex neural pathways. Understanding these pathways helps explain sensations like breathlessness and the urge to cough or swallow.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Physiology
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Respiratory interoception involves somatic and visceral sensations from afferent input and respiratory motor drive.
- It mediates multiple respiratory modalities, including breathlessness and dyspnea.
- This system is complex, with afferents projecting to discriminative and affective centers for behavioral assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize brain areas mediating cortical and subcortical respiratory sensory pathways.
- To develop a model of an integrated respiratory neural network for respiratory interoception.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of studies on brain areas involved in respiratory sensory pathways.
- Development of a conceptual model for respiratory interoception.
Main Results:
- Respiratory interoception integrates multi-afferent input for interpreting sensations like the urge-to-breathe, urge-to-cough, and urge-to-swallow.
- These sensations involve gated attention, detection, and discrimination, leading to cognitive decisions and behavioral compensation.
- A model of an integrated respiratory neural network was proposed.
Conclusions:
- Respiratory interoception is a complex neural system essential for interpreting breathing sensations.
- The proposed model integrates various afferent inputs and neural pathways.
- Further research can build upon this model to understand respiratory control and related disorders.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Neural Control of Respiration
2.4K
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
2.4K
01:22Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration
637
The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
637
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
2.1K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
2.1K
01:30Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration
1.5K
Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
1.5K
01:17Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
1.8K
The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
1.8K
01:17Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers
839
Breathing is primarily an involuntary activity regulated by the brainstem respiratory centers. However, it can also be consciously controlled, allowing us to hold our breath or take deeper breaths when needed. This voluntary control is facilitated by the cerebral motor cortex, which bypasses the medullary centers to stimulate the respiratory muscles directly.
However, the ability to hold one's breath voluntarily is not limitless. When the CO2 concentration in the blood reaches a critical...
However, the ability to hold one's breath voluntarily is not limitless. When the CO2 concentration in the blood reaches a critical...
839