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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Changes in Lung Function Among Infants Born Extremely Preterm over a 20-Year Period in the Post-Surfactant Era: A

Katsuya Hirata1, Takayuki Iwaibara1, Masatoshi Nozaki1

  • 1Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|May 2, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Lung function in extremely preterm infants born at 22-25 weeks gestation showed no change. However, infants born at 26-27 weeks gestation demonstrated significant lung function improvements over two decades.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Perinatal Research

Background:

  • Extremely preterm birth (before 28 weeks gestation) poses significant risks for long-term respiratory health.
  • Understanding trends in lung function for this vulnerable population is crucial for improving outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in lung function at 8 years of age in infants born extremely preterm over a 20-year period.
  • To identify if specific gestational age groups within the extremely preterm range have experienced different trajectories in lung development.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 308 infants born between 1994 and 2013, with gestational ages ranging from 22 to 27 weeks, were assessed for lung function at 8 years of age.
  • Longitudinal data analysis was employed to compare lung function parameters over the two decades.

Main Results:

  • Infants born at 22-25 weeks gestation showed no significant changes in lung function at 8 years of age across the study period.
  • A significant improvement in lung function at 8 years of age was observed in infants born at 26-27 weeks gestation over the past two decades.

Conclusions:

  • While lung function for the earliest extremely preterm infants remains a concern, advancements in perinatal care may be positively impacting respiratory outcomes for slightly later preterm births.
  • Continued monitoring and research are necessary to further understand and improve long-term respiratory health in survivors of extreme preterm birth.

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasiachronic lung diseaselung functionspirometry

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