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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
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Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
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Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

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Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
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Sciatic and tibial neuropathies.

Thomas A Miller1, Douglas C Ross2

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, St. Joseph's Health Care, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|May 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding the sciatic nerve

Keywords:
Fibular nerveNerve transfersRehabilitationSciatic nerveTibial nerve peripheral nerve surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Anatomy
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • The sciatic nerve, the largest peripheral nerve, is susceptible to injury due to its anatomical position.
  • Accurate localization of sciatic nerve lesions is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Disorders of the sciatic nerve can lead to significant patient disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of functional anatomy in diagnosing sciatic nerve disorders.
  • To highlight the role of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tools in identifying nerve lesions.
  • To discuss advancements in surgical reconstruction for lower extremity nerve dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of functional anatomy of the sciatic nerve and its branches.
  • Emphasis on clinical history and physical examination for diagnosis.
  • Integration of imaging and electrodiagnostic testing for lesion localization.
  • Discussion of evolving surgical techniques like nerve transfers.

Main Results:

  • Precise localization of proximal sciatic nerve disorders can be challenging.
  • A comprehensive approach combining clinical assessment and investigations is necessary for diagnosis.
  • Surgical reconstruction techniques for sciatic nerve injuries are advancing.

Conclusions:

  • Thorough understanding of sciatic nerve anatomy and function is vital for diagnosis and management.
  • Electrodiagnostic testing is essential for evaluating both injured and donor nerves in surgical candidates.
  • Rehabilitation professionals play a key role in managing sciatic nerve disorders and improving patient outcomes.