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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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LiF-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation by Establishing Sacrificial Layer on the Separator.

Huding Jin1,2, Seonmi Pyo3, Harim Seo4

  • 1Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A novel fluorinated self-assembled monolayer (FSL) coating on separators stabilizes the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. This enhances lithium metal battery safety and lifespan by controlling ion flux.

Keywords:
Li metal anodeLiF‐rich SEIsacrificial layerself‐assembled monolayersolid electrolyte interphase (SEI)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation is critical for lithium metal battery (LMB) safety and longevity.
  • Controlling Li+ behavior at the anode/electrolyte interface is key to stable SEI formation, but challenging due to the reactivity of Li metal anodes (LMAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced method for creating a stable SEI layer in LMBs.
  • To improve Li+ dynamics and LMA stability through interfacial engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Coating a sacrificial fluorinated self-assembled monolayer (FSL) layer onto a boehmite-coated polyethylene (BPE) separator.
  • Investigating the FSL's affinity for Li+ to promote rapid LiF-rich SEI formation.
  • Comprehensively verifying the mechanism of SEI generation and Li+ dynamics control.

Main Results:

  • The FSL coating facilitates the rapid formation of a LiF-rich SEI layer during cell production and early cycling.
  • This initial stable SEI promotes homogeneous Li+ flux, enhancing LMA stability.
  • The FSL-treated BPE separator significantly improves the overall battery lifespan.

Conclusions:

  • The FSL-treated BPE separator effectively controls Li+ dynamics, leading to a stable SEI layer.
  • This interfacial control strategy addresses key challenges in LMAs, significantly contributing to energy storage advancements.
  • The research underscores the importance of interfacial engineering for stable SEI formation in high-performance batteries.