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The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
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Many-Body Dynamics in Monitored Atomic Gases without Postselection Barrier.

Gianluca Passarelli1, Xhek Turkeshi2, Angelo Russomanno3

  • 1CNR-SPIN, c/o Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, via Cinthia-80126-Napoli, Italy.

Physical Review Letters
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered a measurement-induced phase transition in monitored atoms, distinct from average behavior. This transition, observable in current devices, offers a new way to study quantum systems without postselection issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Monitored quantum systems exhibit unique dynamics distinct from ensemble averages.
  • Collective decay and laser driving influence atomic ensembles significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the properties of monitored atomic ensembles under laser driving and collective decay.
  • Explore the impact of monitoring protocols on quantum trajectories and entanglement.
  • Identify and characterize measurement-induced phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study of a monitored ensemble of atoms.
  • Analysis of quantum trajectories under varying laser drive strengths.
  • Calculation of entanglement entropy scaling with system size.
  • Comparison with trajectory-averaged density matrix dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Quantum trajectories show properties distinct from the average density matrix.
  • A measurement-induced phase transition occurs with varying laser drive.
  • Entanglement entropy scales subextensively in different phases.
  • The critical point aligns with the superradiance transition in averaged dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Monitored atomic ensembles exhibit novel quantum phenomena, including measurement-induced phase transitions.
  • The proposed setup is experimentally feasible with current technology.
  • The monitored dynamics circumvents the postselection measurement problem, even with imperfect monitoring.