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Strongly Interacting Photons in 2D Waveguide QED.

Matija Tečer1, Marco Di Liberto1,2,3, Pietro Silvi1,2,3

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Strong photon-photon interactions are achievable in 2D waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED). This study demonstrates long-lived two-photon states in 2D atomic arrays, confirming robust light-matter interactions in higher dimensions.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Photonic systems

Background:

  • One-dimensional confinement in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) enhances light-matter interactions and nonlinear optical responses.
  • Reduced photon-photon interaction in higher dimensions due to increased phase space for emission poses a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the possibility of achieving strong photon-photon interactions in two-dimensional (2D) waveguide QED.
  • To demonstrate the existence of novel quantum phenomena in 2D photonic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of a 2D square array of atoms coupled to 2D confined light.
  • Investigation of photon-photon interaction dynamics and emergent states.
  • Analysis of scattering resonances in free-space atomic arrays.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of long-lived two-photon repulsive and bound states with unique 2D characteristics.
  • Observation of signatures of these interactions in free-space atomic arrays as subradiant in-band scattering resonances.
  • Confirmation of strong photon-photon interactions in 2D waveguide QED.

Conclusions:

  • Strong photon-photon interactions can be realized in 2D waveguide QED systems.
  • The findings provide a key signature for detecting these interactions in 2D photonic environments.
  • This work opens new avenues for exploring quantum nonlinear optics in higher-dimensional settings.