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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Youth
Elizabeth R Wolf1,2, Frederick P Rivara3,4,5, Colin J Orr6,7
1Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond.
JAMA
|May 4, 2024
Summary
Racial and ethnic disparities contribute to rising US youth mortality rates. American Indian/Alaska Native and Black youth face disproportionately higher mortality from homicide, suicide, and firearm injuries, necessitating targeted prevention efforts.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Recent years have seen an increase in mortality rates among youth in the United States.
- Understanding the specific role of racial and ethnic disparities in these trends is crucial for effective public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality trends and rates among diverse racial and ethnic groups of youth.
- To identify specific causes of death contributing to disparities in youth mortality.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study analyzing temporal trends (1999-2020) and aggregate mortality rates (2016-2020) for US youth aged 1-19 years.
- Utilized data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database.
- Compared pooled, all-cause, and cause-specific mortality rates per 100,000 youth across racial and ethnic groups, classifying injuries by mechanism and intent.
Main Results:
- Significant disparities in all-cause mortality rates were observed among racial and ethnic groups compared to White youth.
- American Indian/Alaska Native and Black youth exhibited substantially higher mortality rates, particularly from homicide, suicide, and firearm-related injuries.
- Black youth had notably higher asthma mortality rates compared to White youth.
Conclusions:
- Racial and ethnic disparities are evident across most leading causes of injury and disease contributing to increased youth mortality.
- Targeted interventions focused on preventing homicide and suicide, especially firearm-related incidents, are essential to address disparities affecting American Indian/Alaska Native and Black youth.
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