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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery with Multimodal Analgesia and Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia
Published on: May 26, 2023
Anesthesia for the Patient Undergoing Shoulder Surgery
Jeffrey J Mojica1, Aaron Ocker1, Jaime Barrata1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 111 South 11th Street, Suite 8290 Gibbon Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Abstract:
Shoulder surgery introduces important anesthesia considerations. The interscalene nerve block is considered the gold standard regional anesthetic technique and can serve as the primary anesthetic or can be used for postoperative analgesia. Phrenic nerve blockade is a limitation of the interscalene block and various phrenic-sparing strategies and techniques have been described. Patient positioning is another important anesthetic consideration and can be associated with significant hemodynamic effects and position-related injuries.
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