Global progress and future prospects of early gastric cancer screening

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Gastroenterology
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Gastric cancer is a leading cause of global mortality, often detected late due to asymptomatic early stages.
• Advanced gastric cancer has a poor prognosis, highlighting the critical need for effective early detection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review global progress and future directions in early gastric cancer screening methods.
• To provide insights for advancing early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer worldwide.

Main Methods:

• Overview of current predominant screening modalities: imaging, endoscopic, and serum biomarker screening.
• Detailed examination of various techniques within each category, including upper gastrointestinal barium meal, MDCT, MRI, ultrasonography, white light endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and advanced endoscopic techniques.
• Exploration of conventional and emerging serum biomarkers, encompassing peptides, DNA (cfDNA, DNA methylation, MSI), and noncoding RNAs (miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, tsRNA).

Main Results:

• Each screening method (imaging, endoscopy, biomarkers) possesses distinct advantages and limitations.
• Significant global advancements in clinical and basic research are enhancing early gastric cancer screening capabilities.
• Emerging biomarkers show promise for improved diagnostic accuracy and early detection.

Conclusions:

• Early detection of gastric cancer is paramount for improving patient outcomes.
• Continued research and development in diverse screening modalities are essential for combating gastric cancer globally.
• Integrating various screening approaches may offer a more comprehensive strategy for early gastric cancer diagnosis.