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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

Conduction System of the Heart

Conduction System of the Heart

The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Published on: December 11, 2017

Double Ventricular Response with Aberrant Conduction Leading to Ventricular Dysfunction.

Paul W Warren¹, Adam W Powell^1,2, Timothy Knilans^1,2

¹The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Ave., MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3026, USA.

Pediatric Cardiology

|May 6, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Double ventricular response (DVR), a rare heart rhythm, can cause left ventricular dysfunction in adolescents, even without rapid heartbeats. Successful treatment involved modifying the slow pathway, reducing abnormal heartbeats and restoring normal heart function.

Keywords:

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Double ventricular response Dual AV nodal physiology Dual atrioventricular nodal non-re-entrant tachycardia Dual atrioventricular nodal physiology Left ventricular dysfunction

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Published on: May 13, 2019

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Pediatric Medicine

Background:

Double ventricular response (DVR) is a rare manifestation of dual atrioventricular (AV) node physiology.
DVR is typically linked to incessant tachycardia and subsequent ventricular dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a case of a pediatric patient with frequent DVR, without incessant tachycardia, leading to left ventricular dysfunction.
To evaluate the efficacy of slow pathway modification in managing DVR-induced ventricular dysfunction.

Main Methods:

Case report of an adolescent patient presenting with frequent DVR and left ventricular dysfunction.
Electrophysiological study and successful slow pathway modification procedure.

Main Results:

The patient experienced frequent DVR without associated tachycardia, resulting in significant left ventricular dysfunction.
Following slow pathway modification, there was a marked reduction in ectopy and normalization of left ventricular function.

Conclusions:

DVR, even in the absence of tachycardia, can precipitate ventricular dysfunction in pediatric patients.
Slow pathway modification is a potentially effective strategy for reducing ectopy and restoring cardiac function in such cases.