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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Tinnitus in Children.

Derek J Hoare1,2, Harriet Smith3,4, Veronica Kennedy5

  • 1NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Hearing Sciences, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. Derek.hoare@nottingham.ac.uk.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO
|May 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tinnitus in children is underdiagnosed due to lack of awareness and standardized assessment. Early identification and child-friendly care are crucial, but more research is needed to evaluate treatment effectiveness.

Keywords:
ChildClinical questionnairesPractice guidanceResearch priorityTherapyTinnitus

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Audiology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Tinnitus in children is often overlooked, with varying prevalence estimates due to non-standardized questioning and low awareness among children and parents.
  • Children rarely report tinnitus spontaneously, and parents may incorrectly perceive it as an age-related condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of tinnitus in children, including prevalence, risk factors, and clinical management.
  • To highlight the need for increased awareness, standardized assessment tools, and evidence-based treatments for pediatric tinnitus.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on pediatric tinnitus.
  • Discussion of clinical management strategies and the "Impact of Tinnitus in Children Questionnaire" (iTICQ).

Main Results:

  • Prevalence studies show wide variations in estimates, emphasizing the need for standardized language and awareness.
  • Current clinical guidelines are limited, and there is a significant lack of clinical trials evaluating treatment efficacy in children.

Conclusions:

  • Routine screening for tinnitus in children is recommended, along with child- and family-centered care approaches.
  • Further research, including clinical trials, is essential to establish effective management and treatment options for pediatric tinnitus.