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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
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Myopia Control: Are We Ready for an Evidence Based Approach?

Leila Sara Eppenberger1,2, Andrzej Grzybowski3,4, Leopold Schmetterer1,5,6,7,8,9,10

  • 1Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.

Ophthalmology and Therapy
|May 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Effective myopia control interventions like low-dose atropine and specialized contact lenses slow progression, but long-term effectiveness and cost remain concerns. Personalized strategies are needed to balance risks and benefits for preventing high myopia.

Keywords:
CostEffectInterventionMyopia controlMyopia managementRCTsSafety

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Optometry

Background:

  • Myopia and its severe complications pose a significant global health challenge.
  • Current interventions aim to slow myopia progression and prevent vision-threatening outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of myopia control interventions.
  • To assess the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of various myopia management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed across three databases.
  • Interventions were categorized into environmental/behavioral, pharmacological, optical, and novel therapies.
  • Included were review articles and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Main Results:

  • Low-dose atropine and specific myopia-controlling contact lenses show proven efficacy.
  • Evidence for newer spectacle lenses is more limited; increased outdoor time appears effective for prevention.
  • Pharmacological, optical, and novel therapies carry risks and moderate to high costs.

Conclusions:

  • Myopia control interventions vary globally in accessibility and practice.
  • Short- to medium-term efficacy is demonstrated, but long-term effectiveness in preventing high myopia is unproven.
  • A unified consensus is needed for personalized myopia management strategies balancing risk and effectiveness.