Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy
12:03

Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy

Published on: September 5, 2016

7.9K

PARP14 is an interferon (IFN)-induced host factor that promotes IFN production and affects the replication of

Srivatsan Parthasarathy1, Pradtahna Saenjamsai1, Hongping Hao1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 7, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 14 (PARP14) enhances interferon production and restricts viral replication, exhibiting both pro- and antiviral functions against diverse viruses like coronaviruses and herpes simplex virus 1.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 14 (PARP14) is known for its roles in DNA damage, inflammation, and cancer.
  • PARP14 is upregulated by interferon (IFN) and implicated in host-pathogen interactions.
  • Previous studies suggested PARP14's involvement in IFN-I production during coronavirus infection but its direct antiviral role was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct antiviral functions of PARP14.
  • To determine if PARP14's catalytic activity is essential for its antiviral effects.
  • To assess PARP14's impact on a broad range of viruses beyond coronaviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized PARP14 knockout (KO) A549 cells to study viral replication.
  • Infected KO cells with various viruses, including murine hepatitis virus (MHV), SARS-CoV-2, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Ebola virus (EBOV), and Nipah virus (NiV).
  • Administered a PARP14 active site inhibitor to assess the role of catalytic activity.

Main Results:

  • PARP14 catalytic activity enhanced IFN-I and IFN-III responses.
  • PARP14 restricted replication of ARH-deficient MHV and SARS-CoV-2.
  • PARP14 restricted HSV-1 replication, but was critical for efficient infection by VSV, EBOV, and NiV.
  • PARP14's antiviral effects on HSV-1 and EBOV were independent of its catalytic activity.

Conclusions:

  • PARP14 promotes interferon production, contributing to antiviral defense.
  • PARP14 exhibits context-dependent antiviral functions, restricting some viruses while promoting others.
  • PARP14 plays a multifaceted role in the host response to viral infections, impacting multiple virus families.
Keywords:
ADP-ribosylationEbola virusHSV-1LCMVNipah virusPARPVSVcoronavirusinterferoninterferon-stimulated genesmacrodomain

More Related Videos

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE12:43

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

Published on: July 29, 2014

12.1K
Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods10:40

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

26.0K

Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.8K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
6.8K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.1K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.3K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.1K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.9K