Rotational Load Fatigue Performance of a One-Size Implant- Abutment Connection System

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Mechanical Engineering

Background:

• The one-size implant-abutment (OSIA) connection system aims for prosthetic versatility.
• Understanding the fatigue performance of different implant diameters and abutment platforms is crucial for long-term clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the rotational load fatigue performance of various implant diameters and abutment platforms within an OSIA connection system.
• To compare the fatigue resistance of different configurations under simulated clinical loading conditions.

Main Methods:

• Four test groups were established using narrow-, regular-, and wide-diameter implants with either regular base (RB/WB) or wide base (WB) abutments.
• A rotational load fatigue machine applied a 35 Ncm bending moment at 10 Hz to specimens (n=5 per group).
• Failure cycles were recorded, and statistical analysis (two-way ANOVA) was performed. SEM and cross-sectioning were used for failure mode and connection analysis.

Main Results:

• The wide-diameter implant with a wide base (WDI-WB) abutment group exceeded 5 million cycles without failure.
• Groups using regular base (RB/WB) abutments failed between 558,750 and 4,497,619 cycles.
• Abutment platform significantly influenced fatigue performance (P < .001), while implant diameter did not (P = .857).

Conclusions:

• Wide base (WB) abutments offer superior fatigue performance for wide-diameter implants (WDIs) in high-risk situations.
• The one-size prosthetic connection limited fatigue performance benefits from increased implant diameter with regular base abutments.
• Larger implant diameters, even with regular base abutments, resulted in less catastrophic and more coronal failures, potentially aiding clinical management.