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Implementation of Different Conversion/Alloy Active Materials as Anodes for Lithium-Based Solid-State Batteries.

Julian J A Kreissl1,2, Hoang Anh Dang1,2, Boris Mogwitz1,2

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Researchers explored conversion/alloy materials like SnO2 for solid-state batteries (SSBs). A novel 2D sheet electrode design improved performance and cycle life, addressing interfacial degradation in these high-energy storage devices.

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alloy reactionanodeargyroditeconversion reactionmetal oxidesolid electrolyte interphasesolid-state batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid-state batteries (SSBs) require high-energy, high-power anode materials to compete with lithium-ion batteries.
  • Conversion/alloy active materials, such as SnO2, offer high capacities and fast kinetics but are under-explored in sulfide SSBs.
  • Existing research often uses these materials for interlayers rather than as primary anodes, facing challenges in electrode design and interfacial stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate novel conversion/alloy anode materials (SnO2, Sn0.9Fe0.1O2, ZnO, Zn0.9Fe0.1O) for sulfide-based SSBs.
  • To investigate the electrochemical performance, including C-rate capability and long-term cyclability, of these anode materials.
  • To understand and mitigate interfacial degradation processes between the anode and the Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of four conversion/alloy active materials.
  • Fabrication of composite electrodes incorporating these materials with Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte.
  • Structural and microstructural characterization using XRD, SEM, and FIB-SEM.
  • Electrochemical testing via galvanostatic cycling under 40 MPa, including C-rate performance and long-term cyclability assessments.
  • Design and testing of a 2D sheet electrode to address interfacial issues.

Main Results:

  • All synthesized materials were incorporated into composite electrodes for SSBs.
  • Fe substitution was found to amplify the decomposition of Li6PS5Cl at the anode interface.
  • A 2D sheet electrode design significantly improved C-rate performance (3x) and long-term cyclability (2.3x) by tackling interfacial degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Conversion/alloy materials show promise as anodes in sulfide SSBs, but interfacial stability is critical.
  • Fe substitution can exacerbate electrolyte decomposition, highlighting the need for careful material selection.
  • The developed 2D sheet electrode architecture effectively mitigates interfacial degradation, enhancing SSB performance and durability.