Current treatment options for leptospirosis: a mini-review

Area of Science:

• Zoonotic Infections
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology

Background:

• Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease with significant global health impact.
• Over a million infections and 60,000 deaths occur annually worldwide.
• Understanding effective treatments is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current and novel treatment strategies for leptospirosis.
• To provide insights into effective therapeutic approaches.
• To highlight promising avenues for combating leptospirosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological data.
• Analysis of clinical manifestations and current therapeutic approaches.
• Exploration of antibiotic therapy, probiotics, bacteriophages, and novel compounds.

Main Results:

• Antibiotic therapy is central, with specific recommendations for mild and severe leptospirosis.
• Probiotics show potential in modulating gut microbiota during treatment.
• Emerging treatments include bacteriophages and new synthetic/natural compounds.

Conclusions:

• Current antibiotic treatments remain essential for leptospirosis management.
• Probiotics offer a supportive role in patient recovery.
• Novel therapeutic strategies show promise for future leptospirosis control.