An Injectable Black Phosphorus Hydrogel for Rapid Tooth Extraction Socket Healing.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Oral Surgery

Background:

• Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) impede tooth extraction socket (TES) healing.
• Alveolar bone regeneration and angiogenesis are critical for effective TES healing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an injectable, thermosensitive hydrogel (NBP@BP@CS) for enhanced TES healing.
• To investigate the combined effects of black phosphorus (BP) nanoflakes and dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on bone regeneration and vascularization.

Main Methods:

• Formulation of an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel incorporating black phosphorus (BP) nanoflakes and dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP).
• In vivo evaluation of the NBP@BP@CS hydrogel's efficacy in promoting TES healing, bone regeneration, and angiogenesis.

Main Results:

• The NBP@BP@CS hydrogel demonstrated significant improvement in TES healing.
• BP nanoflakes exhibited ROS-scavenging and alveolar bone regeneration properties.
• Sustained release of NBP promoted neovascularization and vascular remodeling.

Conclusions:

• The NBP@BP@CS hydrogel effectively addresses TES healing challenges through combined antioxidation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis promotion.
• This multifunctional hydrogel shows significant potential for rapid and effective tooth extraction socket healing.