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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation
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Cochlear Implantation in Patients With Osteolytic Labyrinthitis: A Case Series.

William B Thedinger1, James R Dornhoffer2, Dante J Merlino2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|May 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Osteolytic labyrinthitis, a rare condition previously called labyrinthine sequestrum, involves labyrinth destruction and soft tissue replacement. Surgical intervention and cochlear implantation can restore hearing in affected patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Osteolytic labyrinthitis is a rare condition characterized by progressive destruction of the bony and membranous labyrinth.
  • Previously termed labyrinthine sequestrum, this condition can lead to soft tissue or bony sequestrum formation within the labyrinth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the rare process of osteolytic labyrinthitis.
  • To introduce the term osteolytic labyrinthitis to encompass the spectrum of disease previously referred to as labyrinthine sequestrum.

Main Methods:

  • A case series report analyzing clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and surgical data from three patients.
  • Comparison of index cases with existing literature on osteolytic labyrinthitis.
  • Description of imaging findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Main Results:

  • Three patients presented with profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo, consistent with labyrinthitis.
  • Imaging revealed varying degrees of otic capsule bone erosion, demonstrating the disease spectrum.
  • One case showed a bony sequestrum within the obliterated labyrinth; two cases had osteolytic changes in the semicircular canals and vestibule.

Conclusions:

  • Osteolytic labyrinthitis is proposed as a new term for this rare disease spectrum.
  • Cochlear implantation is a viable option for hearing rehabilitation in selected patients with osteolytic labyrinthitis.