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Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Published on: November 29, 2024

Characterizing poorly controlled type 2 diabetes using ¹H-NMR metabolomics.

Isabella J Theron¹, Shayne Mason¹, Mari van Reenen¹

¹Human Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Metabolomics : Official Journal of the Metabolomic Society

|May 11, 2024

Summary

Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes shows distinct urine metabolic changes affecting energy pathways and leading to organ damage. This study highlights the impact of diet and offers insights for improved treatment strategies.

Keywords:

Metabolomics Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes Proton nuclear magnetic resonance Urine

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Area of Science:

Metabolomics
Biochemistry
Endocrinology

Background:

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence is epidemic, with some patients experiencing poor glycemic control despite treatment.
Limited understanding exists regarding metabolic derangements in poorly controlled T2D.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the urine metabolome in a South African cohort with poorly controlled T2D.
To identify specific urinary metabolites differentiating poorly controlled T2D from healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

Untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) metabolomics.
Analysis of urine samples from 15 T2D patients and 25 healthy controls.
Statistical comparison to identify differentiating metabolites.

Main Results:

Poorly controlled T2D patients exhibited altered concentrations of metabolites linked to carbohydrate metabolism, ketogenesis, proteolysis, and the TCA cycle.
Elevated metabolites indicated increased autophagy/apoptosis, uncontrolled dietary intake, and kidney/liver damage.
Specific metabolic profiles were associated with impaired cellular glucose uptake and energy production.

Conclusions:

Inhibited glucose uptake in poorly controlled T2D disrupts energy pathways, promoting apoptosis/autophagy and causing kidney/liver damage.
Poor dietary compliance is implicated as a contributing factor to uncontrolled glycemic states.
Findings provide a comprehensive overview of urine metabolic changes in poorly controlled T2D, suggesting avenues for targeted therapies and improved patient management.