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Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
Xiaoyu Zhao1, Dongli Wang2, Yongzhi Chen3
1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China.
Insights
Women, young people, and individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions face a higher risk of developing cardiovascular symptoms after COVID-19. These symptoms may also increase the likelihood of other long-term COVID-19 effects.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Long-term symptoms of COVID-19, known as COVID-19 sequelae, can impact the cardiovascular system.
- Cardiovascular disease is both a risk factor for and a potential outcome of COVID-19 infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate cardiovascular symptoms in patients after COVID-19 recovery.
- To analyze influencing factors and symptom characteristics of cardiovascular sequelae.
- To inform the development of diagnosis and treatment plans for post-COVID-19 cardiovascular conditions.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 452 recovered COVID-19 patients admitted to the Cardiovascular Department.
- Data collected via a unified questionnaire on demographics, medical history, and symptoms.
- Statistical analysis using SPSS 26.0, including univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Women and young individuals showed a higher risk of cardiovascular symptoms post-COVID-19.
- Prehypertension, hypertension, previous cardiovascular disease, and diabetes history increased cardiovascular symptom risk.
- Patients with cardiovascular symptoms were more likely to experience shortness of breath, gastrointestinal issues, and dry mouth.
Conclusions:
- Specific demographics (women, young people) and pre-existing conditions (hypertension, diabetes) are associated with increased cardiovascular symptom risk after COVID-19.
- Cardiovascular symptoms post-COVID-19 may be linked to a higher likelihood of other sequelae.
Background:
COVID-19 sequelae are long-term symptoms of COVID-19. Cardiovascular disease is not only a risk factor for the occurrence of COVID-19 sequelae but also a potential result directly or indirectly caused by COVID-19 infection.
Objectives:
The aim of this study is to investigate the cardiovascular system-related symptoms of outpatients and inpatients of the Cardiovascular Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine after recovery from novel coronavirus infection, analyze the influencing factors, and symptom characteristics of related symptoms, and thereby provide a basis for further formulating a reasonable diagnosis and treatment plan.
Materials And Methods:
From January 15, 2023 to February 15, 2023, 452 recovered patients with novel coronavirus infection who were admitted to the Cardiovascular Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine due to symptoms of the cardiovascular system (complaints of chest pain and palpitations) were involved in this study. A unified questionnaire was used to record the general information, past medical history, characteristics of chest pain or palpitations, and other COVID-19-related sequelae of the selected patients. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 26.0 statistical software.
Results:
A total of 226 patients with cardiovascular symptoms and 226 patients without cardiovascular symptoms were included in this study. After univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, women (OR 2.081, 95% CI = 1.358-3.189) and young people (OR 2.557, 95% CI = 1.44-4.54) had a higher risk of cardiovascular symptoms; prehypertension (OR 1.905, 95% CI = 1.091-3.329) and hypertension (OR 2.287, 95% CI = 1.433-3.649) increased the risk of cardiovascular symptoms; patients with history of previous cardiovascular disease (OR 1.862, 95% CI = 1.16-2.988) and history of diabetes (OR 2.138, 95% CI = 1.058-4.319) had a higher risk of developing cardiovascular symptoms. The main symptoms related to COVID-19 sequelae reported by all 452 patients were fatigue (76.8%), shortness of breath (54.2%), dry mouth and bitter mouth (46.0%), gastrointestinal symptoms (42.7%), sleep disturbances (37.4%), sweating (31.9%), chills (29%), dizziness (25.7%), confusion of brain fog (25.2%), and tinnitus (14.6%). Compared with patients without cardiovascular symptoms, patients with cardiovascular symptoms were more likely to have shortness of breath (OR 3.521, 95% CI = 2.226-5.472), gastrointestinal symptoms (OR 2.039, 95% CI = 1.226-3.393), and dry mouth and bitter mouth (OR 1.918, 95% CI = 1.229-2.992). The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
In this new coronavirus infection, women, young people, the elderly, people with prehypertension, hypertension, and patients with a history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular symptoms, and patients with cardiovascular symptoms are more likely to develop other COVID-19 sequelae.
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